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French Gendarmerie Nationale
French National Gendarmerie The Gendarmerie nationale is one of France’s oldest institutions. It is the natural heir to the Royal Constabularies « Maréchaussée de France », i.e, the military forces which remained theonly corps in charge of policing the country for centuries. Initially in chargeof judicial and police missions to controlscaterred soldiers and looters, the scope of their competence was progressively extended during the Renaissance togeneral policing. The creation of the Gendarmerie nationale « units » – forming the basis of the current organisation – dates back to 1720. In 1791, the “Maréchaussée” was renamed Gendarmerie nationale. The Act dated « Germinal 28, Year VI of the French Revolution » (April 17, 1798) established the principles of action, missions and assignments in terms of general and judicial police.Today, the Gendarmerie nationale ensures public safety on 95 % of the national territory for 50 % of the population. Twenty-four hours a day, the institution protects, rescues, intervenes, investigates, arrests and fights. Missions – Judicial missions Competent all over the national territory, in towns as well as in the countryside, more than a quarter of the tasks of the Gendarmerie is devoted to judicial duties. The ability to find information, the modern…
Italian Carabinieri
Historical References The ancient Corps of the Royal Carabinieri was instituted in Turin by the King of Sardinia Vittorio Emanuele I, by Royal Warrant on 13th July 1814. The mounted division “Corazzieri” was formed in 1868 as an escort of honour and security, first for the Sovereign, and since 1946 for the President of the Republic. With the Unity of Italy and added territory, the number of divisions were increased and responsible to operating commands, called territorial legions. On 24th January, 1861 the Force was appointed “First Force” of the newly founded national military organization, rising to the status of Armed Force on 31st March, 2000. This privileged position, as well as the presence of Carabinieri in every part of the country, even in the smallest village, were and still are the most significant characteristics of the Institution. Governing Bodies The Carabinieri Force is linked to the Ministry of Defence but retains its autonomy, in its role of Armed Force, Military Police Force, and responsibility for public order and security. The Force depends, through its Commander General, on the Defence Chief of Staff for its military duties, and functionally on the Ministry of Internal Affairs for public order and security…
Spanish Guardia Civil
Spanish Guardia Civil The Guardia Civil is the first national law enforcement agency established in Spain. It was founded in 1844, early in the reign of Queen Isabel II of Spain, and with consensus among the different political forces. The organization of this new institution was entrusted to the Field Marshal Mr. Francisco Javier Girón y Ezpeleta, 2nd Duke of Ahumada, who proposed the Government to establish an Infantry & Cavalry Force devoted to “the maintenance of law and order, and to assisting in law enforcement tasks as requested”. In this way, he was trying to fight the high level of insecurity inrural areas caused by banditry, and to set up a national law enforcement agency. The territorial expansion allowed this body to deploy its units throughout the national territory, reaching places where the Administration had not been present before. With the passing of time, and due to its closeness to the people, it has become an extremely valuable source of information for the State. Since its foundation, and up to now, the Guardia Civil has been undergoing constant changes that have allowed it to adapt to new situations, always with countless efforts aimed at modernization. This fact, together with…
Portuguese National Republican Guard
Portugese National Republican Guard The Guarda Nacional Republicana, whose origins date back to 1801, at which time the Guarda Real de Polícia (Royal Police Guard) was created, is a Security Force constituted by military elements that are organized in a Special Body of Troops, which actively and permanently veil for the execution of the law and are dedicated to the security and public order maintenance cause as well as to the protection and defence of the people and their goods. The Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, the National Defence and Armed Forces Law, the Internal Security Law and the Law on the General Basis of the Military Condition constitute the institutional juridical framework on which the legislation of the present Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) is based. History The Guarda Nacional Republicana is heir to the traditions of the Quadrilheiros (elements armed with rods or spears), of the Guarda Real da Polícia (Royal Police Guard) and of the Guarda Republicana (Republican Guard). Its fundamental standards are based on its own particular Organic Law (Law number 63 dated 06 November 2007) and on the Statutes of the Military Elements (Officers, Sergeants and Guards) of the Guarda Nacional Republicana (Decree-Law 265 dated 31…
Turkish Gendarmerie
Turkish Gendarmerie To ensure that the public order, safety and security are maintained and to fulfil the duties assigned to it through other laws and regulations. Those two fundamental categories outline the duties attributed to an armed, military law enforcement agency. The Gendarmerie of the Turkish Republic is a security force and a law enforcement agency which accomplishes such duties in a significant part of the Turkish Republic. Historical Development of the Gendarmerie In effect, it has always been essential and customary for the Turkish Nation which established powerful states in the history to preserve the security and public order within the borders of the country. For instance, the security and public order services were organized distinctly in accordance with the administrative qualities of each settlement during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, which is known to have been one of the most powerful states all through the history. According to the abovementioned organization, the chief administrator responsible for the coordination and fulfilment of those services was called “Kadi” in Districts, “Mirliva” or “Sancakbeyi” in Sanjaks (Provinces), and “Mirmiran” or “Bey” in States. In Istanbul, however, Janissaries known as “Karakullukcu” used to perform such services. In respect of occidentalisation movement…
Royal Netherlands Marechaussee
Royal Netherlands Marechaussee The Royal Marechaussee can be best described as a police organisation with a military status. It is also an organisation with many facets, for a combination of civil and military support makes for a varied set of tasks. This requires great versatility in the deployment of personnel, not only within the Netherlands itself but also far beyond its national borders. Since march 25, 1998, the Royal Marechaussee is known as the fourth armed force. Together with the Royal Army, the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy, the Royal Marechaussee forms the military service as a part of the Ministry of Defence. However, authority for and control of the Marechaussee is a shared responsibility of several Ministries. The work of the Marechaussee in implementing administrative and legislative regulations serves a broad social interest. Service to society is always first and foremost. History The Royal Marechaussee has a long history dating back to 26 October 1814, when the ruling monarch, later to become King Willem I, signed the decree to establish a Marechaussee corps. In the text of the first Article of the decree, written in French, the Marechaussee received a mission, which is still reflected in its…
Moroccan Gendarmerie Royale
Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie was founded in 1957 by His Majesty late Mohammed V. The structure of its functions has been determined by the two major different but complementary traditions. One of them which has its roots in the history and culture of Morocco is very old. The Gendarmerie was born of Moroccan administrative and political system which ensured public security and maintenance of public order twelve centuries ago. The second tradition is almost new. The Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie was influenced by a brotherhood Gendarmerie from which the morality, values, harmonization with its surroundings and experience go hand in hand with the name of gendarmerie. Therefore it has both national and international characteristics. Description Like the other members of FIEP organization, the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie, is it a public force assigned to provide the public security, and to ensure the public order and the implementation of laws. It is part of the Royal Armed Forces, of which it is a military force in its structure, administration and command forms. It consists of officers, NCOs and privates. Missions The missions of the Moroccan Royal Gendarmerie are numerous and various in kind. However, the gravity has been given to…
Romanian Gendarmerie
Romanian National Gendarmerie The Romanian Gendarmerie was founded on the 3rd of April 1850, when the ruler Grigore Alexandru Ghica, approved the decision of People Assembly and promulgated “The Rule for Reform of the Corps Servants in Gendarmes”. This law granted the Gendarmerie a legal status and established the principles of organizing and functioning. The law stated that the Gendarmes Regiment of Moldavia would split into 2 two structures, each one having 6 counties as area of responsibility. Each county had 1 Company of gendarmes and there were 2 more companies to the police and the authorities of Iasi City. These 14 companies consisted of 1433 mounted and dismounted gendarmes. This law also established the following attributions: surveillance of the public safety, maintaining order and law enforcement. Then under The Law for Organizing of Military Forces from November 1864, the Gendarmerie is organized on new principles and put under the direct command of the Ministry of War, ceasing to be subordinated to the Ministry of Interior. The Law of Gendarmerie from 1850 and The City Gendarmes Regulations have been the main documents for organizing and functioning of the Gendarmerie and also, the base of the new law and regulations. Thus,…
Argentinian National Gendarmerie
Argentinian National Gendarmerie During Ph.D. Roberto M. Ortiz’s presidency, on July 28th of 1938, the Argentine National Gendarmerie (Gendarmería Nacional Argentina: GNA) was created by the National Congress due to a true public need in order to strengthen the international border, ensure the security of the settlers and inhabitants living in the National Territories and in the far isolated regions of the country. The territory features where the Argentine National Gendarmerie should fulfil the mission and the particular qualities of its nature cause de Force to be created as a body having an organized structure, military training and strong discipline, subject-matters still in force. That was the origin of its creation and the spirit the legislators stamped on the bill enacted as Act number 12.367. Decisively contribute to keep the national identity in bordering areas, protect the national territory as well as the intangibility of the international border”. The Gendarmerie personnel is subject to a military disciplinary regimen, with a structure and training, military doctrine and legal educational background enabling it to perform police duties in times of peace and to take part in the military terrestrial component in times of war (such as the case of the Falklands War,…
Chilean Carabineros
Chilean Carabineros Until April 26th, 1927 there were in Chile parallel, similar police forces. They had to respond to different authorities. This situation did not allow them to fulfil their mission. On April 27th, 1927 this situation led to making the decision of merging the existing police force and to create one single Institution dependant upon the Ministry of Interior. This new institution was named “Carabineros de Chile” There are four clear periods in the development and evolution of Carabineros de Chile: The first one is stated by the merging -from 1927 to 1932- which we mentioned previously. Since then, Carabineros starts to be separated from the Army from which it inherited its military status and disciplinary principles. In the last mentioned year, starts to be headed by Generals taken from the newly funded Institution. In this period, the emerged Institution is organized to face urgent demands for security. At this time, Carabineros attains its own entity and it is organized in squadrons, groups, regiments and corps. These are distributed along the country according to the political-administrative division of that time. The second period goes from 1932 to 1974. This time is marked by the consolidation of Carabineros de Chile…
Jordanian Public Security Directorate
Darak Forces History After being integrated in the police 1946, the Jordanian Gendarmerie in its present form is based on the Royal decree of King Abdullah II on 16 January 2008. Pushing back the role of the Armed Forces in the internal security of Jordan, the Royal decree separated the Special Security Forces from the Public Security Directorate and restructured these Forces into the General Directorate of Gendarmerie (Darak) Forces. Political dependence The Jordanian Gendarmerie is part of the Jordanian Security Forces, and subordinated directly to the Ministry of Interior. The Jordanian Gendarmerie can be considered as a police force between the armed forces and the police. Missions and tasks The mission of the Jordanian Gendarmerie is to maintain security and order to achieve the feeling of comfort and assurance for all Society individual. The Force has a number of roles, including special operations; supporting the Public Security Directorate in emergency situations; riot control; providing security at sensitive installations such as banks, power plants and oil refineries, as well as vital tourism locations; and ensuring the security of foreign diplomatic missions in Jordan. The Gendarmerie also has the role of assisting the Public Security Directorate in quelling disorder in…
Lekhwiya Qatar
Tunisian National Guard
Palestinian National Security Forces
National Guard of Ukraine
State Military Police in Brazil
National Gendarmerie of Djibouti
Kuwait National Guard
Senegalese National Gendarmerie
Sammarinese Corpo della Gendarmeria
Moldova: Trupele de Carabinieri
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Royal Netherlands Marechaussee
2025-07-01T16:43:23+02:00
Observer forces 2025: none.
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